Ubusitani bwamye ari uburyo bwo guhanga udushya mu bantu, bugenda buhinduka mu binyejana byinshi kugira ngo bugaragaze indangagaciro z'umuco, imiterere y'ubuhanzi n'imibereho myiza. Kuva mu bikari bituje by'imico ya kera kugeza ku busitani bwiza bw'ingoro zo mu Burayi, imitako y'ubusitani yamye ari ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'ubwiza, ukwemera n'umwirondoro.
Intangiriro za kera
Inkomoko y'imitako y'ubusitani ishobora gukomoka mu Misiri ya kera, aho ubusitani bwari busanzwe kandi bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umwuka. Abanyamisiri bakize bakoze ubusitani bufite inkuta zifite ibidendezi n'ibiti by'imbuto, akenshi bashyiragamo amashusho y'imana cyangwa inyamaswa zera kugira ngo bagaragaze imyizerere y'idini. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, muri Mezopotamiya ya kera na Peresi, ubusitani bwagereranyaga paradizo - igitekerezo cyaje gutwarwa mu bishushanyo mbonera by'ubusitani bwa Isilamu, bituma habaho chahar bagh, ubusitani bugizwe n'ibice bine bwagaragazaga ubwumvikane n'ubuyobozi bw'Imana.
Ingaruka za kera
Mu Bugereki na Roma ya kera, ubusitani bwahindutse ahantu ho kwidagadura no gutekereza cyane. Abaroma b'abakire bashushanyije ubusitani bwabo bakoresheje amashusho ya marimari, amasoko y'amazi, n'amashusho ya mozayike. Ibi bintu bya kera, cyane cyane amashusho y'imana n'imigani, byashyizeho urugero rurambye rw'ubwiza bw'ubusitani bw'iburengerazuba. Igitekerezo cyo gushyira ubuhanzi mu bibanza byo hanze cyaratangiye kugenda gikura buhoro buhoro, maze ubusitani buhinduka ahantu ho hanze.
Ikimenyetso cyo mu gihe cya kera
Mu Gihe cya Hagati, ubusitani bw’i Burayi bwahabwaga ibisobanuro by’ikigereranyo n’iby’idini. Ubusitani bwa Cloister mu bigo by’abihaye Imana bwakoreshaga ibyatsi nk’ibintu bishushanya kandi bwagaragazaga imiterere y’imiterere y’ubutaka yagaragazaga ubusitani bwa Edeni. Ibintu byo gushushanya byari byoroshye ariko bifite ibisobanuro byimbitse - nk’indabyo n’indabyo zishushanya Bikira Mariya. Amasoko yakundaga kugira uruhare runini, agaragaza ubuziranenge no kuvugurura umwuka.
Ubwiza bwa Renaissance na Baroque
Ivugurura ryabaye impinduka ikomeye mu mitako y'ubusitani. Yahumetswe n'ibitekerezo bya kera, ubusitani bw'Abataliyani bwa Renaissance bwashimangiye uburinganire, icyerekezo, n'ingano. Amaterasi, ingazi, imiterere y'amazi, n'ibishushanyo by'imigani byabaye ahantu heza cyane. Ubu buryo bukomeye bwakomeje kugeza mu gihe cya Baroque, hamwe n'ubusitani bwemewe bw'Abafaransa nka Ingoro ya Versailles, aho imitako y'ubusitani yagaragazaga ububasha bw'ubwami n'ubuhanga ku bidukikije. Ibiti byakozwe mu manifes, amasoko meza, n'indabyo zikomeye byahinduye ahantu ho hanze mo ibihangano bitangaje.
Iburasirazuba buhura n'Uburengerazuba
Nubwo Uburayi bwashyizeho umuco w’ubusitani, imico yo muri Aziya yashyizeho ururimi rudasanzwe rw’imitako. Ubusitani bw’Abayapani bwibanda ku guhuza ibidukikije, bukoresha amabuye, ibimera, amatara n’ibiraro kugira ngo bukore ahantu hatuje. Ubusitani bw’Abashinwa ni ubw’ubwenge, buhuza inyubako, amazi, amabuye n’ibimera kugira ngo buvuge inkuru z’ubusizi. Ubu buryo bwagize ingaruka ku miterere y’Uburengerazuba kuva mu kinyejana cya 18, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kuzamuka k’ubusitani bw’Abongereza, bwibanze ku miterere karemano n’imitako ihambaye.
Imiterere ya none n'iya none
Mu kinyejana cya 20 n'icya 21, imitako y'ubusitani yarushijeho kuba itandukanye. Abahanzi n'abashushanya bahuje imiterere y'imico n'ibihe bitandukanye - kuva ku mashusho y'ubugeni kugeza ku nzira z'amabara menshi kugeza ku bikoresho byahinduwe. Insanganyamatsiko zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, imibereho myiza no kugaragaza imiterere y'umuntu ku giti cye ubu zigira uruhare runini, kandi ibimera by'imitako, amatara n'ibihangano byashyizwemo byahindutse ibikoresho bizwi cyane mu guhindura ubusitani ubuhanzi bufite akamaro.
Umwanzuro
Kuva ku bibanza byera kugeza ku ngoro z'abami, imitako y'ubusitani yahindutse kugira ngo igaragaze indangagaciro n'iyerekwa by'igihe cyayo. Muri iki gihe, iracyari uruhurirane rutangaje rw'ubuhanzi, umuco, n'ibidukikije - ubutumire bwo guhanga ubwiza, kugaragaza umwihariko, no kwishimira ubuzima bwo hanze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-03-2025
